Class 9 science and technology chapter 9 Environmental Management question answer
Class 9 science and technology chapter 9 question answer Environmental management. | Environmental management class 9 exercise answers Maharashtra board | Environmental management solution state board.
1. Match the items in column ‘A’ with the proper ones in coloum ‘B’ and explain their impact on the environment.
|
Column ‘A’ |
Column ‘B’ |
|
1.
Harmful waste |
a.
Glass, rubber, carry bags, etc. |
|
2.
Domestic waste |
b. Chemicals,
pigments, ash, etc. |
|
3.
Biomedical waste |
c.
Radioactive material |
|
4.
Industrial waste |
d. Leftover
food, vegetables, peelings of fruits. |
|
5.
Urban waste |
e.
Bandages, cotton, needles, etc |
Answer:
|
Column ‘A’ |
Column ‘B’ |
|
1.
Harmful waste |
c.
Radioactive material |
|
2.
Domestic waste |
. Leftover
food, vegetables, peelings of fruits. |
|
3.
Biomedical waste |
e.
Bandages, cotton, needles, etc |
|
4.
Industrial waste |
b. Chemicals,
pigments, ash, etc. |
|
5.
Urban waste |
a.
Glass, rubber, carry bags, etc. |
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Q. 2. Complete the statements using the given options and justify those statements.
(Geographic favourability, climate, weather,
observatory)
a. Of the abiotic factors that affect
biodiversity by far the most important is ……………… .
Answer: Of the abiotic factors that affect biodiversity by far the most important is Geographic favourability.
b. A description of the climatic conditions
of short duration in a particular area is ……………… .
Answer: A description of the climatic conditions of short duration in a particular area is weather.
c. Irrespective of the progress of human
beings, we have to think about ……………… .
Answer: Irrespective of the progress of human beings, we have to think about climate.
d. Establishments where various climatic
factors are recorded are called ……………… .
Answer: Establishments where various climatic factors are recorded are called observatory.
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3. Answer the following questions.
a. How is first aid provided to victims of disasters who are injured?
Answer:
(1) When the victims are injured in disaster,
then the help rendered him or her before the medical doctor arrives, is called
first aid. It done with the intention of saving a life.
(2) The three main measures which may save
the lives are airway, breathing and circulation i.e ABC of first aid. These are
also called the basic principles of first aid.
(A) Airway:
When there is difficulty in
breathing, the head of the victim is held in backward sloping position
or the chin is raised. This makes the respiratory passage open. Therefore, it
is called airway.
(B) Breathing: On the stoppage of breathing
the victim is given artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth resuscitation.
(C) Circulation: When the victim unconscious
and mouth to mouth respiration not successful then CPR or cardio – pulmonary
resuscitation is given. In this the heart should be pressed by putting pressure
on the chest with both palms. These two actions are repeated alternately 15
times. CPR helps to bring the circulation back normal.
(3) When there is bleeding, efforts should be
made to stop it. With antiseptic pad the wound should covered with light
pressure.
(4) When there is a fracture, the fractured
part should be immobilized. The patient should be moved with the help of firm
stretcher by keeping him / her immobile as far as possible.
(5) In case of burn injuries, the burnt part
should be kept under clean and cold flowing water.
b. State the scientific and eco-friendly methods of waste management.
Answer:
(1) Waste separation: This is a primary stage
in waste management. The dry and wet wastes are separated, stored and later
collected for proper use.
(2) Composting: Decomposition of degradable
kitchen waste in the small pits in backyard, garden or terrace is called composting.
A good quality manure can be produced by composting leftover food, kitchen
waste, peels of fruits , vegetables , etc.
(3) Vermicomposting: With the help of
earthworms, the solid waste is decomposed at a faster rate. This technique of
converting solid waste into manure or compost is called vermicomposting. In
this method, common species of earthworms like Eisenia foetida or E. euglish
are used for the degradation of wastes. The manure generated is highly
nutritious in nature and can be used for garden plants and agricultural
purposes.
c. Explain with suitable examples, the relationship between weather forecasting and disaster management.
Answer:
(1) Due to the detailed research work going in observatories and also by meteorologists, the forecasts of forthcoming natural disasters can be predicted. When a natural calamity trikes there is large scale damage to the properties and also to the life. The cattle are killed. The houses collapse and people become homeless. The only way to save people from such disaster is to shift them, relocate and save the lives. This is possible only by weather forecasting.
(2) The best example for such effort was seen
in 2013 when the cyclone Phailin struck the coast of Orissa in India. It was
observed by the scientists of the Indian Meteorological Association that on 4th
October 2013, there was development of low pressure belt near Thailand. This
cyclone was shifting towards India and the forecast was that this will hit the
coast of India in South East region of Orissa. When confirmed about this
prediction, Government’s Disaster Management Cell shifted 5 lakh people from
the coast of Orissa within 3 to 4 days to safer regions. The cyclone struck but
there was no loss of life due to this timely action. In recent years, if natural
calamities such as storm, cyclone , earthquake are expected , then the Disaster
Management Cell of the Government of India warns people and helps them to move
away and relocate .
(3) If a heavy downpour is expected then the
disaster management cell of the Municipal Corporation and the Chief of Police
sends the warning messages to people via medium of cell phones.
d. Why is e-waste harmful? Express your opinion about this.
Answer:
1. E-waste or
electronic waste is formed due to electronic gadgets such as computers, mobile
phones, TV sets, etc. which are not in proper condition.
2. It is hazardous
heavy metals such as lead, beryllium, mercury and cadmium.
3. These heavy
metals are non-biodegradable in nature. Therefore, they remain accumulated in
the environment and remain there for a long period of time.
4. The soil
microorganisms are directly and indirectly affected by E-waste.
5. E-waste affects
human health.
6. Burning and
land filling of E-waste is dangerous for the surrounding environment and hence,
disposing it becomes difficult.
e. How will you register your individual participation in solid waste management?
Answer:
I shall separate the dry and wet waste that
is produced in my house. The separate containers will be used to store this
segregated wastes. The wet waste will be carried in the garden and will be used
for making manure by natural decomposition. I can also try performing
vermicomposting by releasing earthworms into the biodegradable material of the
wet garbage.
I shall check and do audit of the dry waste.
I shall plan according the constituents present in this dry waste. The
scrap-dealer will be called or a visit will be made to the shop of scrap dealer
to sell the non – degradable matter in the dry garbage which can be sold. The
money obtained through such will be used for purchasing saplings. These
saplings will be planted around the compost pits. I shall attempt to reduce the
proportion of the wastes. For the same purpose I shall follow R principles of
waste management. I shall never throw the seeds of fruits into the dust bins,
instead I will try to grow saplings from them. I shall persuade friends other
people in my building and society to follow such actions to reduce the problem
of solid waste disposal.
4. Write notes.
(1)Meteorology
Answer:
(1) Meteorology is the science that studies the inter – relationships between the various components of air, natural cycles, geological movements of the earth and climate.
(2) It includes the study of storms, clouds,
rainfall, thunder, lightning, etc.
(3) Depending upon the study of such factors,
weather forecasts are made.
(4) They are useful to common people,
farmers, fisheries, aviation services, water transport and various other
organizations.
(5) For this purpose, on the International
level , The World Meteorological Organization was established whereas on
national level there is Indian Meteorological Department .
(2)Climatic factors
Answer:
(1) Atmospheric pressure, sunlight, clouds
humidity, rainfall, visibility, temperature, etc. are the chief climatic
factors.
(2) All of these climatic factors decide the
atmospheric conditions of the particular space at the specific time.
(3) The climatic factors are also dependent
upon the geographical conditions of a particular region.
(4) The climate of a particular region is
decided by the average of daily readings of various weather – related
parameters recorded for several years.
(3) Monsoon model
Answer:
(1) In the decade of the 1990’s, a monsoon
model based upon 16 worldwide climatic parameters was developed by Dr. Vasant
Govarikar.
(2) This model was in use from 1990 to 2002
and it gave the almost right predictions about the monsoon.
(3) There are three types of monsoon models:
(A) Mathematical model (Dynamic): In this
model the mathematical analysis is done. Forecasts are made with the help of
mathematical models Estimates of current weather related events and ongoing
physical interactions between them are taken in to account for the analysis.
(B) Holistic model: In this model,
predictions are based upon many parameters which were used in other models are
used in the holistic way to give the monsoon prediction.
(C) Statistical model: In this model, a
collective study is undertaken by understanding the current climatic
observations in a region and the earlier parameters such as oceanic temperature
, atmospheric pressure and the nature of the monsoon rainfall of several years
. There is comparison of both the data done and from this comparative analysis
the monsoon predictions are made in statistical model.
(4) Industrial waste
Answer:
(1) The industrial wastes are created in the
industries and the factories.
(2) Chemicals’ pigments, sludge , ash ,
metals , etc. are found in greater proportion in the industrial wastes . They
depend upon the type of manufacture the industry has.
(3) Most of the industrial wastes are toxic.
They cause air, water and soil pollution.
(4) It is very essential to manage the
industrial wastes, otherwise it causes dangerous effects on birds – animals and
even on the health of human beings. Since most of the industrial wastes are non
– biodegradable, they remain accumulated in the environment.
(5) Plastic waste
Answer:
(1) Plastic waste is a major constituent of
the domestic waste. From household garbage, plastic is spread far and wide.
(2) Being non – biodegradable, plastic
remains unchanged in the environment of many years. If burnt, it emits toxic
gases.
(3) The grazing cattle die due to inadvertent
plastic consumption.
(4) Due to floating plastic, aquatic animals
are in danger. Man is the only living being who creates plastic wastes but the
entire ecosystem is harmed due to harmful consequences of plastic wastes.
(5) Taking this into consideration, the
overuse of plastic should be immediately stopped and the correct management of
plastic waste should be done.
(6) Principles of first aid.
Answer:
(1) When the victims are injured in disaster,
then the help rendered him or her before the medical doctor arrives, is called
first aid. It done with the intention of saving a life.
(2) The three main measures which may save
the lives are airway, breathing and circulation i.e ABC of first aid. These are
also called the basic principles of first aid.
(A) Airway:
When there is difficulty in
breathing, the head of the victim is held in backward sloping position
or the chin is raised. This makes the respiratory passage open. Therefore, it
is called airway.
(B) Breathing: On the stoppage of breathing
the victim is given artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth resuscitation.
(C) Circulation: When the victim unconscious
and mouth to mouth respiration not successful then CPR or cardio – pulmonary
resuscitation is given. In this the heart should be pressed by putting pressure
on the chest with both palms. These two actions are repeated alternately 15
times. CPR helps to bring the circulation back normal.
(3) When there is bleeding, efforts should be
made to stop it. With antiseptic pad the wound should covered with light
pressure.
(4) When there is a fracture, the fractured
part should be immobilized. The patient should be moved with the help of firm
stretcher by keeping him / her immobile as far as possible.
(5) In case of burn injuries, the burnt part
should be kept under clean and cold flowing water.
5. Give examples of the importance of climate in the living world with explanations, in your own words.
Answer:
Importance of climate:
(1) Daily weather has great influence on the
day-to-day activities of man. The long – term climatic conditions on the other
hand influence the entire ecosystem for a longer duration.
(2) The flora and fauna of a particular
region i.e. biodiversity is decided by climatic conditions.
(3) The diet, clothing, housing, occupations
and lifestyle of the people is dependent on the climate of that regions.
(4) Various climatic factors and daily
weather decides the salinity of marine water, formation of oceanic currents,
water cycle, etc.
(5) Weathering of rocks in the earth’s crust
is also on the climate. Due to the weathering process, soil formation and
enrichment takes place. Climate is thus responsible for condition of
lithosphere.
(6) The microbes present in the soil bring
about decomposition and help in the formation of organic materials. The
decomposition process is dependent on the climatic factors.
6. Explain with suitable examples, the care to be taken when using the methods of transporting patients.
Answer:
There are various methods to transport
patient with care. The specific type of method used depends upon the condition
of a patient and also type of injury if any.
Cradle method, carrying piggy back , human
crutch method , pulling or lifting method , carrying piggy back, human crutch
method, pulling or lifting method, carrying on four – hand chair or carrying on
two – hand chair or using a stretcher are these different methods .
E.g. If a person has broken his one of the
leg, then he can be asked to walk for a short distance by giving minimum load
on the other leg. While doing this we can provide him with possible support
like a crutch. Therefore it is called human crutch method. If accident victim
is unable to use his hands then such victim can be carried on two – hand chair,
When the support is needed for the part below the waist, such victim is carried
on four – hand chair. We have to see that the patient or accident victim is
least disturbed. The injured part of the body has to be taken utmost care. Our
behaviour should be such that, the patient should be transported with ease and
assurance.
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7. Explain the differences.
a. Weather and climate
Answer:
|
Weather |
climate |
|
(1)
Atmospheric conditions at a specific time at a particular place are referred
to as weather. |
(1)
Climate is a long term predominant condition of the atmosphere. |
|
(2)
The changes of weather is for short duration. |
(2)The
changes of climate is for longer duration. |
|
(3)
Weather in one region may keep on fluctuating. |
(3)
Climate is comparatively fixe for one region. |
|
(4)Weather
is continuously changing. |
(4) Climate
does not change continuously. |
|
(5)
Weather is related to a specific location and specific time . |
(5)
Climate is related to a longer duration and larger area. |
b. Degradable and non-degradable waste
Answer:
|
Degradable waste |
non-degradable waste |
|
(1)The
type of waste that is easily degraded is called degradable waste. Those
wastes degraded by microbes are called biodegradable wastages. |
(1)The
type of waste that is not easily degraded is called non-degradable waste. |
|
(2)This
type of waste is called wet solid waste or wet garbage. |
(2)This type
of waste is called dry garbage or dry solid waste. |
|
(3)Such
type of waste does not remain accumulated for a long time in the environment |
(3)Such
type of waste remain accumulated for a very long time in the environment. |
|
(4)The
degradable wastes release the inorganic constituents back to nature for
recirculation. |
(4)The
non-degradable wastes are not naturally decomposed. Unless recycled their
inorganic constituents are not sent back to nature. |
